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Click on below links for Admissions Spring 2023.
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Title of the Course: Calculus-I
Credit Hours: 4
Prerequisites: Knowledge of Intermediate Calculus
Specific Objectives of course: Calculus serves as the foundation ofadvanced subjects in all areas of mathematics. This is the first course of Calculus. The objective of this course is to introduce students to the fundamental concepts of limit, continuity, differential and integral calculus of functions of one variable.
Course Outline:
Equations and inequalities: Solving linear and quadratic equations,linear inequalities. Division of polynomials, synthetic division. Roots of a polynomial, rational roots; Viete Relations. Descartes rule of signs. Solutions of equations with absolute value sign. Solution of linear and non-linear inequalities with absolute value sign.
Functions and graphs: Domain and range of a function. Examples:polynomial, rational, piecewise defined functions, absolute value functions, and evaluation of such functions. Operations with functions: sum, product, quotient and composition. Graphs of functions: linear, quadratic, piecewise defined functions.
Lines and systems of equations: Equation of a straight line, slopeand intercept of a line, parallel and perpendicular lines. Systems of linear equations, solution of system of linear equations. Nonlinear systems: at least one quadratic equation.
Limits and continuity: Functions, limit of a function. Graphicalapproach. Properties of limits. Theorems of limits. Limits of polynomials, rational and transcendental functions. Limits at infinity, infinite limits, and one-sided limits. Continuity.
Derivatives: Definition, techniques of differentiation. Derivatives ofpolynomials and rational, exponential, logarithmic and trigonometric functions. The chain rule. Implicit differentiation. Rates of change in natural and social sciences. Related rates. Linear approximations and differentials. Higher derivatives, Leibnitz's theorem.
Applications of derivatives: Increasing and decreasing functions.Relative extrema and optimization. First derivative test for relative extrema. Convexity and point of inflection. The second derivative test for extrema. Curve sketching. Mean value theorems. Indeterminateforms and L'Hopitals rule. Inverse functions and their derivatives. Integration: Anti derivatives and integrals. Riemann sums and thedefinite integral. Properties of Integral. The fundamental theorem of calculus. The substitution rule.
Recommended Books:
Multivariable, 3rd Edition. John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 2002.
Title of the Course: Elements of Set Theory and Mathematical Logic
Credit Hours: 3
Prerequisites: Knowledge of Intermediate Mathematics
Specific Objectives of course: Everything mathematicians do can bereduced to statements about sets, equality and membership which are basics of set theory. This course introduces these basic concepts. The course aims at familiarizing the students with cardinals, relations and fundamentals of propositional and predicate logics.
Course Outline:
Set theory: Sets, subsets, operations with sets: union, intersection,difference, symmetric difference, Cartesian product and disjoint union. Functions: graph of a function. Composition; injections, surjections, bijections, inverse function. Computing cardinals: Cardinality of Cartesian product, union. Cardinality of all functions from a set to another set. Cardinality of all injective, surjective and bijective functions from a set to another set.
Infinite sets, finite sets. Countable sets, properties, examples (Z, Q). R is not countable. R, RxR, RxRxR have the same cardinal. Operations with cardinal numbers. Cantor-Bernstein theorem.
Relations: Equivalence relations, partitions, quotient set; examples,parallelism, similarity of triangles. Order relations, min, max, inf, sup; linear order. Examples: N, Z, R, P(A). Well-ordered sets and induction. Inductively ordered sets and Zorn’s lemma.
Mathematical logic:
Propositional Calculus. Truth tables. Predicate Calculus.
Recommended Books:
Title of the Course: Calculus II
Credit Hours: 3
Prerequisites: Calculus I
Specific Objectives of course: This is second course of Calculus. Ascontinuation of Calculus I, it focuses on techniques of integration and applications of integrals. The course also aims at introducing the students to infinite series, parametric curves and polar coordinates.
Course Outline:
Techniques of integration: Integrals of elementary, hyperbolic,trigonometric, logarithmic and exponential functions. Integration by parts, substitution and partial fractions. Approximate integration. Improper integrals. Gamma functions.
Applications of integrals: Area between curves, average value.Volumes. Arc length. Area of a surface of revolution. Applications to Economics, Physics, Engineering and Biology.
Infinite series: Sequences and series. Convergence and absoluteconvergence. Tests for convergence: divergence test, integral test, p-series test, comparison test, limit comparison test, alternating series test, ratio test, root test. Power series. Convergence of power series. Representation of functions as power series. Differentiation and integration of power series. Taylor and McLaurin series. Approximations by Taylor polynomials.
Conic section, parameterized curves and polar coordinates:Curves defined by parametric equations. Calculus with parametric curves: tangents, areas, arc length. Polar coordinates. Polar curves, tangents to polar curves. Areas and arc length in polar coordinates.
Recommended Books:
Title of the Course: Algebra I (Group Theory)
Credit Hours: 3
Prerequisites: Elements of Set Theory and Mathematical Logic
Specific Objectives of course: This course introduces basicconcepts of groups and their homomorphisms. The main objective of this course is to prepare students for courses which require a good background in group theory like Rings and Modules, Linear Algebra, Group Representation, Galois Theory etc.
Course Outline:
Groups: Definition of a group, subgroup, subgroup generated by aset. The cyclic groups, cosets and Lagrange’s theorem. Normalizer centralizer. The center of a group. Equivalence relation in a group, conjugacy classes. Normal subgroups, quotient group. Grouphomomorphisms: Homomorphisms and isomorphism andAutomorphism. Kernel and image of homomorphism. Isomorphism theorems. Permutation groups. The cyclic decomposition of a permutation group. Cayley’s theorem. Direct product of two groups and examples.
Recommended Books:
Title of the Course: Calculus III
Credit Hours: 4
Prerequisites: Calculus II
Specific Objectives of course: This is third course of Calculus andbuilds up on the concepts learned in first two courses. The students would be introduced to the vector calculus, the calculus of multivariable functions and double and triple integrals along with their applications.
Course Outline:
Vectors and analytic geometry in space: Coordinate system.Rectangular, cylindrical and spherical coordinates. The dot product, the cross product. Equations of lines and planes. Quadric surfaces.
Vector-valued functions: Vector-valued functions and space curves.Derivatives and integrals of vector valued functions. Arc length. Curvature, normal and binormal vectors.
Multivariable functions and partial derivatives: Functions of severalvariables. Limits and Continuity. Partial derivatives, Composition and chain rule. Directional derivatives and the gradient vector. Implicit function theorem for several variables. Maximum and minimum values. Optimization problems. Lagrange Multipliers.
Multiple integrals: Double integrals over rectangular domains anditerated integrals. Non-rectangular domains. Double integrals in polar coordinates. Triple integrals in rectangular, cylindrical and spherical coordinates. Applications of double and triple integrals. Change of variables in multiple integrals.
Vector calculus: Vector fields. Line integrals. Green's theorem. Curland divergence. Surface integrals over scalar and vector fields. Divergence theorem. Stokes' theorem.
Recommended Books:
Title of the Course: Affine and Euclidean Geometry
Credit Hours: 3
Prerequisites: Calculus I
Specific Objectives of course: To familiarize mathematics studentswith the axiomatic approach to geometry from a logical, historical, and pedagogical point of view and introduce them with the basic concepts of Affine Geometry, Affine spaces and Platonic Ployhedra.
Course Outline:
Vector spaces and affine geometry: Collinearity of three points, ratioAB/BC. Linear combinations and linear dependent set versus affine combinations and affine dependent sets. Classical theorems in affine geometry: Thales, Menelaus, Ceva, Desargues. Affine subspaces, affine maps. Dimension of a linear subspace and of an affine subspace.
Euclidean geometry: Scalar product, Cauchy-Schwartz inequality:norm of a vector, distance between two points, angles between two non- zero vectors. Pythagoras theorem, parallelogram law, cosine and sine rules. Elementary geometric loci.
Orthogonal transformations: Isometries of plane (four types),Isometries of space (six types). Orthogonal bases.
Platonic polyhedra: Euler theorem on finite planar graphs.Classification of regular polyhedra in space. Isometries of regular polygons and regular polyhedra.
Recommended Books:
Title of the Course: Linear Algebra
Credit Hours: 3+1
Prerequisites: Calculus I
Specific Objectives of course: Linear algebra is the study of vectorspaces and linear transformations. The main objective of this course is to help students learn in rigorous manner, the tools and methods essential for studying the solution spaces of problems in mathematics, engineering, the natural sciences, and social sciences and develop mathematical skills needed to apply these to the problems arising within their field of study; and to various real world problems.
Course Outline:
System of Linear Equations: Representation in matrix form.Matrices. Operations on matrices. Echelon and reduced echelon form. Inverse of a matrix (by elementary row operations). Solution of linear system. Gauss-Jordan method. Gaussian elimination.
Determinants: Permutations of order two and three and definitions ofdeterminants of the same order. Computing of determinants. Definition of higher order determinants. Properties. Expansion of determinants. Vector Spaces: Definition and examples, subspaces. Linearcombination and spanning set. Linearly Independent sets. Finitely generated vector spaces. Bases and dimension of a vector space. Operations on subspaces, Intersections, sums and direct sums of subspaces. Quotient Spaces.
Linear mappings: Definition and examples. Kernel and image of alinear mapping. Rank and nullity. Reflections, projections, and homotheties. Change of basis. Eigenvalues and eigenvectors. Theorem of Hamilton-Cayley.
Inner product Spaces: Definition and examples. Properties,Projection. Cauchy inequality. Orthogonal and orthonormal basis. Gram Schmidt Process. Diagonalization.
Recommended Books:
Title of the Course: Discrete Mathematics
Credit Hours: 3
Prerequisites: Mathematics at intermediate level
Specific Objectives of course: Discrete Mathematics is study ofdistinct, un-related topics of mathematics; it embraces topics from early stages of mathematical development and recent additions to the discipline as well. The present course restricts only to counting methods, relations and graphs. The objective of the course is to inculcate in the students the skills that are necessary for decision making in non-continuous situations.
Course Outline:
Counting methods: Basic methods: product, inclusion-exclusionformulae. Permutations and combinations. Recurrence relations andtheir solutions. Generating functions. Double counting. Applications.
Pigeonhole principle, applications.
Relations: Binary relations, n-ary Relations. Closures of relations.Composition of relations, inverse relation.
Graphs: Graph terminology. Representation of graphs. Graphsisomorphism. Algebraic methods: the incidence matrix. Connectivity, Eulerian and Hamiltonian paths. Shortest path problem. Trees and spanning trees. Complete graphs and bivalent graphs.
Recommended Books:
Title of the Course: Topology
Credit Hours: 3
Prerequisites: Calculus I
Specific Objectives of course: The aim of this course is to introducethe students to metric spaces and topological spaces. After completion of this course, they would be familiar with separation axioms, compactness and completeness. They would be able to determine whether a function defined on a metric or topological space is continuous or not and what homeomorphisms are.
Course Outline:
Topological spaces: Examples; open and closed subsets, metric spaces, neighbourhoods. Examples. Limit points and accumulation points. Interior, closure, dense subsets. Constructing new topological spaces: Cartesian products, induced topology and quotient topology. Continuous maps, open and closed maps, homeomorphisms. Examples: R, RxR, S^1, S^2, torus, cylinder. Cauchy sequences, complete metric spaces. Separation axioms. Compact spaces. Properties. Power of Compactness. Image of a compact set through a continuous map. Compactness and completeness of metric spaces.Connected spaces, connected components. Properties. Image of a connected set through a continuous map. Path-connectedness.
Recommended Books:
Title of the Course: Differential Geometry and Tensor Analysis
Credit Hours: 4
Prerequisites: Calculus I
Specific Objectives of course: After having completed this course,the students would be expected to understand classical concepts in the local theory of curves and surfaces including normal, principal, mean, curvature, and geodesics. They will also learn about tensors of different ranks.
Course Outline:
Theory of Space Curves: Introduction, index notation and summationconvention. Space curves, arc length, tangent, normal and binormal. Osculating, normal and rectifying planes. Curvature and torsion. The Frenet-Serret theorem. Natural equation of a curve. Involutes and evolutes, helices. Fundamental existence theorem of space curves.
Theory of Surfaces: Coordinate transformation. Tangent plane andsurface normal. The first fundamental form and the metric tensor. The second fundamental form. Principal, Gaussian, mean, geodesic and normal curvatures. Gauss and Weingarten equations. Gauss and Codazzi equations.
Tensor Analysis: Einstein summation convention. Tensors of different ranks. Contravariant, covariant and mixed tensors. Addition, subtraction, inner and outer products of tensors. Contraction theorem, quotient law. The line element and metric tensor. Christoffel symbols.
Recommended Books:
Title of the Course: Ordinary Differential Equations
Credit Hours: 3
Prerequisites: Calculus I
Specific Objectives of course: To introduce students to theformulation, classification of differential equations and existence and uniqueness of solutions. To provide skill in solving initial value and boundary value problems. To develop understanding and skill in solving first and second order linear homogeneous and non-homogeneous differential equations and solving differential equations using power series methods.
Course Outline:
Preliminaries: Introduction and formulation, classification ofdifferential equations, existence and uniqueness of solutions, introduction of initial value and boundary value problems
First order ordinary differential equations: Basic concepts,formation and solution of differential equations. Separable variables, Exact Equations, Homogeneous Equations, Linear equations, integrating factors. Some nonlinear first order equations with known solution, differential equations of Bernoulli and Ricaati type, Clairaut equation, modeling with first-order ODEs, Basic theory of systems of first order linear equations, Homogeneous linear system with constant coefficients, Non-homogeneous linear system
Second and higher order linear differential equations: Initial valueand boundary value problems, Homogeneous and non-homogeneous equations, Superposition principle, homogeneous equations with constant coefficients, Linear independence and Wronskian, Non-homogeneous equations, undetermined coefficients method, variation of parameters, Cauchy-Euler equation, Modeling.
Sturm- Liouville problems: Introduction to eigen value problem,adjoint and self-adjoint operators, self-adjoint differential equations, eigen values and eigen functions, Sturm- Liouville (S-L) boundary value problems, regular and singular S-L problems, properties of regular S-L problems
Series Solutions: Power series, ordinary and singular points,Existence of power series solutions, power series solutions, types of singular points, Frobenius theorem, Existence of Frobenius series solutions, solutions about singular points, The Bessel, modified Bessel Legendre and Hermite equations and their solutions.
Recommended Books:
Title of the Course: Analysis I
Credit Hours: 3
Prerequisites: Calculus III
Specific Objectives of course: This is the first course in analysis. Itdevelops the fundamental ideas of analysis and is aimed at developing the students’ ability in reading and writing mathematical proofs. Another objective is to provide sound understanding of the axiomatic foundations of the real number system, in particular the notions of completeness and compactness.
Course Outline:
Number Systems: Ordered fields. Rational, real and complexnumbers. Archimedean property, supremum, infimum and completeness.
Topology of real numbers: Convergence, completeness, completionof real numbers. Open sets, closed sets, compact sets. Heine Borel Theorem. Connected sets.
Sequences and Series of Real Numbers: Limits of sequences,algebra of limits. Bolzano Weierstrass Theorem. Cauchy sequences, liminf, limsup. Limits of series, convergences tests, absolute and
conditional convergence. Power series.
Continuity: Functions, continuity and compactness, existence ofminimizers and maximizers, uniform continuity. Continuity and connectedness, Intermediate mean Value Theorem. Monotone functions and discontinuities.
Differentiation: Mean Value Theorem, L’Hopital’s Rule, Taylor’sTheorem.
Recommended Books:
Title of the Course: Algebra II (Ring Theory)
Credit Hours: 3
Prerequisites: Algebra I
Specific Objectives of course: This is a course in advanced abstractalgebra, which builds on the concepts learnt in Algebra I. The objectives of the course are to introduce students to the basic ideas and methods of modern algebra and enable them to understand the idea of a ring and an integral domain, and be aware of examples of these structures in mathematics; appreciate and be able to prove the basic results of ring theory; appreciate the significance of unique factorization in rings and integral domains.
Course Outline:
Rings: Definition, examples. Quadratic integer rings. Examples ofnon-commutative rings. The Hamilton quaternions. Polynomial rings. Matrix rings. Units, zero-divisors, nilpotents, idempotents. Subrings, Ideals. Maximal and prime Ideals. Left, right and two-sided ideals; Operations with ideals. The ideal generated by a set. Quotient rings. Ring homomorphism. The isomorphism theorems, applications. Finitely generated ideals. Rings of fractions.
Integral Domain: The Chinese remainder theorem. Divisibility inintegral domains, greatest common divisor, least common multiple. Euclidean domains. The Euclidean algorithm. Principal ideal domains. Prime and irreducible elements in an integral domain. Gauss lemma, irreducibility criteria for polynomials. Unique factorization domains. Finite fields. Polynomials in several variables. Symmetric polynomials. The fundamental theorem of symmetric polynomials.
Recommended Books:
Title of the Course: Classical Mechanics
Credit Hours: 3
Prerequisites: Calculus I
Specific Objectives of course: To provide solid understanding ofclassical mechanics and enable the students to use this understanding while studying courses on quantum mechanics, statistical mechanics, electromagnetism, fluid dynamics, space-flight dynamics, astrodynamics and continuum mechanics.
Course Outline:
Kinematics: Rectilinear motion of particles. Uniformrectilinear motion, uniformly accelerated rectilinear motion. Curvilinear motion of particle, rectangular components of velocity and acceleration. Tangential and normal components. Radial and transverse components. Projectile
motion.
Kinetics: Work, power, kinetic energy, conservative force fields.Conservation of energy, impulse, torque. Conservation of linear and angular momentum. Non-conservative forces.
Simple Harmonic Motion: The simple harmonic oscillator, period,frequency. Resonance and energy. The damped harmonic oscillator, over damped, critically damped and under damped. Motion, forces and vibrations.
Central Forces and Planetary Motion: Central force fields, equationsof motion, potential energy, orbits. Kepler’s law of planetary motion. Apsides and apsidal angles for nearly circular orbits. Motion in an
inverse square field.
Planer Motion of Rigid Bodies: Introduction to rigid and elasticbodies, degree of freedom, translations, rotations, instantaneous axis and center of rotation, motion of the center of mass. Euler’s theorem and Chasles’ theorem. Rotation of a rigid body about a fixed axis, moments and products of inertia. Parallel and perpendicular axis
theorem.
Motion of Rigid Bodies in Three Dimensions: General motion ofrigid bodies in space. The momental ellipsoid and equimomental systems. Angular momentum vector and rotational kinetic energy. Principal axes and principal moments of inertia. Determination of principal axes by diagonalizing the inertia matrix.
Euler Equations of Motion of a Rigid Body: Force free motion. Freerotation of a rigid body with an axis of symmetry. Free rotation of a rigid body with three different principal moments. The Eulerian angles, angular velocity and kinetic energy in terms of Euler angles. Motion of a spinning top and gyroscopes-steady precession, sleeping top.
Recommended Books:
Title of the Course: Partial Differential Equations
Credit Hours: 3
Prerequisites: Ordinary Differential Equations
Specific Objectives of course: Partial Differential Equations (PDEs)are at the heart of applied mathematics and many other scientific disciplines. The course aims at developing understanding about fundamental concepts of PDEs theory, identification and classification of their different types, how they arise in applications, and analytical methods for solving them. Special emphasis would be on wave, heat and Laplace equations.
Course Outline:
First order PDEs: Introduction, formation of PDEs, solutions of PDEsof first order, The Cauchy’s problem for quasilinear first order PDEs, First order nonlinear equations, Special types of first order equations Second order PDEs: Basic concepts and definitions, Mathematicalproblems, Linear operators, Superposition, Mathematical models: The classical equations, the vibrating string, the vibrating membrane, conduction of heat solids, canonical forms and variable, PDEs of second order in two independent variables with constant and variable coefficients, Cauchy’s problem for second order PDEs in two independent variables
Methods of separation of variables: Solutions of elliptic, parabolicand hyperbolic PDEs in Cartesian and cylindrical coordinates Laplace transform: Introduction and properties of Laplace transform,transforms of elementary functions, periodic functions, error function and Dirac delta function, inverse Laplace transform, convolution theorem, solution of PDEs by Laplace transform, Diffusion and wave equations
Fourier transforms:Fourier integral representation, Fourier sine andcosine representation, Fourier transform pair, transform of elementary functions and Dirac delta function, finite Fourier transforms, solutions of heat, wave and Laplace equations by Fourier transforms.
Recommended Books:
Title of the Course: Complex Analysis
Credit Hours: 3
Prerequisites: Analysis I
Specific Objectives of course: This is an introductory course incomplex analysis, giving the basics of the theory along with applications, with an emphasis on applications of complex analysis and especially conformal mappings. Students should have a background in real analysis (as in the course Real Analysis I), including the ability to write a simple proof in an analysis context.
Course Outline:
Introduction: The algebra of complex numbers, Geometricrepresentation of complex numbers, Powers and roots of complex numbers.
Functions of Complex Variables: Definition, limit and continuity,Branches of functions, Differentiable and analytic functions. The Cauchy-Riemann equations, Entire functions, Harmonic functions, Elementary functions: The exponential, Trigonometric, Hyperbolic, Logarithmic and Inverse elementary functions, Open mapping theorem. Maximum modulus theorem.
Complex Integrals: Contours and contour integrals, Cauchy-Goursattheorem, Cauchy integral formula, Lioville’s theorem, Morerea’s theorem.
Series: Power series, Radius of convergence and analyticity, Taylor’sand Laurent’s series, Integration and differentiation of power series. Singularities, Poles and residues: Zero, singularities, Poles andResidues, Types of singular points, Calculus of residues, contour integration, Cauchy’s residue theorem with applications.
Mobius transforms, Conformal mappings and transformations.
Recommended Books:
Title of the Course: Functional Analysis
Credit Hours: 3
Prerequisites: Analysis I
Specific Objectives of course: This course extends methods oflinear algebra and analysis to spaces of functions, in which the interaction between algebra and analysis allows powerful methods to be developed. The course will be mathematically sophisticated and will use ideas both from linear algebra and analysis.
Course Outline:
Metric Space: Review of metric spaces, Convergence in metricspaces, Complete metric spaces, Dense sets and separable spaces, No-where dense sets, Baire category theorem.
Normed Spaces: Normed linear spaces, Banach spaces, Equivalentnorms, Linear operator, Finite dimensional normed spaces, Continuous and bounded linear operators, Dual spaces.
Inner Product Spaces: Definition and examples, Orthonormal setsand bases, Annihilators, projections, Linear functionals on Hilbert spaces. Reflexivity of Hilbert spaces.
Recommended Books:
Applications, John Wiley and Sons, 2004.
Title of the Course: Analysis II
Credit Hours: 3
Prerequisites: Analysis I
Specific Objectives of course: A continuation of Real Analysis I, thiscourse will continue to cover the fundamentals of real analysis, concentrating on the Riemann-Stieltjes integrals, Functions of Bounded Variation, Improper Integrals, and convergence of series. Emphasis would be on proofs of main results.
Course Outline:
The Riemann-Stieltjes Integrals: Definition and existence ofintegrals. Properties of integrals. Fundamental theorem of calculus and its applications. Change of variable theorem. Integration by parts.
Functions of Bounded Variation: Definition and examples.Properties of functions of bounded variation.
Improper Integrals: Types of improper integrals, tests forconvergence of improper integrals. Beta and gamma functions.
Absolute and conditional convergence of improper integrals.
Sequences and Series of Functions: Power series, definition ofpointwise and uniform convergence. Uniform convergence and continuity. Uniform convergence and differentiation. Examples of uniform convergence.
Recommended Books:
Title of the Course: Numerical Analysis I
Credit Hours: 3+1
Prerequisites: Calculus I, Linear Algebra
Specific Objectives of course: This course is designed to teach thestudents about numerical methods and their theoretical bases. The course aims at inculcating in the students the skill to apply varioustechniques in numerical analysis, understand and do calculations about errors that can occur in numerical methods and understand and be able to use the basics of matrix analysis.
Course Outline:
Error analysis: Floating point arithmetic, approximations and errors.
Methods for the solution of nonlinear equations: Bisection method,regula-falsi method, fixed point iteration method, Newton-Raphson method, secant method, error analysis for iterative methods.
Interpolation and polynomial approximation: Lagrangeinterpolation, Newton’s divided difference formula, forward, backward and centered difference formulae, interpolation with a cubic spline, Hermite interpolation, least squares approximation.
Numerical differentiation: Forward, backward and central differenceformulae, Richardson’s extrapolation.
Numerical integration: Rectangular rule, trapezoidal rule, Simpson’s1/3 and 3/8 rules, Boole’s and Weddle’s rules, Newton-Cotes formulae, Gaussian quadrature.
Numerical solution of a system of linear equations: Directmethods: Gaussian elimination method, Gauss-Jordan method; matrix inversion; LU-factorization; Doolittle’s, Crout’s and Cholesky’s methods, Iterative methods: Jacobi, Gauss-Seidel and SOR.
The use of software packages/programming languages for above mentioned topics is recommended.
Recommended Books:
Title of the Course: Number Theory
Credit Hours: 3
Prerequisites: Linear Algebra
Specific Objectives of course: The focus of the course is on study ofthe fundamental properties of integers and develops ability to prove basic theorems. The specific objectives include study of division algorithm, prime numbers and their distributions, Diophantine equations, and the theory of congruences.
Course Outline:
Preliminaries: Well-ordering principle. Principle of finite induction. Divisibility theory: The division algorithms. Basis representationtheorem. Prime and composite numbers. Canonical decomposition. The greatest common divisor. The Euclidean algorithm. The fundamental theorem of arithmetic. Least common multiple.
Linear Diophantine equations: Congruences. Linear congruences.System of linear congruences. The Chinese remainder theorem. Divisibility tests. Solving polynomial congruences. Fermat's and Euler's theorems. Wilson's theorem.
Arithmetic functions: Euler's phi-function. The functions of J andsigma. The Mobius function. The sieve of Eratosthenes. Perfectnumbers. Fermat and Mersenne primes.
Primitive Roots and Indices: The order of an integer mod n.Primitive roots for primes. Composite numbers having primitive roots. Quadratic residues: Legendre symbols and its properties. Thequadratic reciprocity law.
Quadratic congruences with composite moduli. Pythagorean triples. Representing numbers as sum of two squares.
Recommended Books:
Title of the Course: Mathematical Methods
Credit Hours: 3
Prerequisites: Calculus III
Specific Objectives of course: The main objective of this course is toprovide the students with a range of mathematical methods that are essential to the solution of advanced problems encountered in the fields of applied physics and engineering. In addition, this course is intended to prepare the students with mathematical tools and techniques that are required in advanced courses offered in the applied physics and engineering programs.
Course Outline:
Fourier Methods: The Fourier transforms. Fourier analysis of thegeneralized functions. The Laplace transforms. Hankel transforms for the solution of PDEs and their application to boundary value problems.
Green’s Functions and Transform Methods: Expansion for Green’sfunctions. Transform methods. Closed form Green’s functions. Perturbation Techniques: Perturbation methods for algebraicequations. Perturbation methods for differential equations. Variational Methods: Euler-Lagrange equations. Integrand involvingone, two, three and n variables. Special cases of Euler-Lagrange’s equations. Necessary conditions for existence of an extremum of a functional. Constrained maxima and minima.
Recommended Books:
Title of the Course: Probability Theory
Credit Hours: 3
Prerequisites: Statistics
Specific Objectives of course: A prime objective of the course is tointroduce the students to the fundamentals of probability theory and present techniques and basic results of the theory and illustrate these concepts with applications. This course will also present the basic principles of random variables and random processes needed inapplications.
Course Outline:
Finite probability spaces: Basic concept, probability and relatedfrequency, combination of events, examples, Independence, Random variables, Expected value. Standard deviation and Chebyshev's inequality. Independence of random variables. Multiplicativity of the expected value. Additivity of the variance, Discrete probability distribution.
Probability as a continuous set function: sigma-algebras,examples. Continuous random variables, Expectation and variance. Normal random variables and continuous probability distribution.
Applications: de Moivre-Laplace limit theorem, weak and strong lawof large numbers.
The central limit theorem, Markov chains and continuous Markov process.
Recommended Books:
Title of the Course: Integral Equations
Credit Hours: 3
Prerequisites: Ordinary Differential Equations
Specific Objectives of course: Many physical problems that areusually solved by differential equation methods can be solved more effectively by integral equation methods. This course will help students gain insight into the application of advanced mathematics and guide them through derivation of appropriate integral equations governing the behavior of several standard physical problems.
Course Outline:
Linear integral equations of the first kind, Linear integral equations of the second kind. Relationship between differential equation and Volterra integral equation. Neumann series. Fredholm Integral equation of the second kind with separable Kernels. Eigenvalues and eigenvectors. Iterated functions. Quadrature methods. Least square methods. Homogeneous integral equations of the second kind. Fredholm integral equations of the first kind. Fredholm integral equations of the second kind. Abel’s integral equations. Hilbert Schmidt theory of integral equations with symmetric Kernels.Regularization and filtering techniques.
Recommended Books:
Title of the Course: Physics I (Mechanics)
Credit Hours: 3
Prerequisites: Intermediate level knowledge of Physics
Specific Objectives of course: This is a basic course in the first semester of 4-year BS program. The main objective of this course is to understand motion of objects in various dimensions on a macroscopic scale and to develop simple mathematical formalisms to analyze such motions.
Course Outline:
Units of physical quantities (SI Units); Motion of objects in one, two and three dimensions; Newton’s laws of motion; Gravitation; Kepler’s laws, Work done by Constant and Variable Forces (conservative and non-conservative); Power; Work and Potential Energy; Isolated Systems and Conservation of Mechanical Energy; Work done by External Forces and Conservation of Energy, Motion of a System of Particles and Extended Rigid Bodies; Center of Mass and Newton’s Laws for a System of Particles; Linear Momentum; Impulse; Momentum & Kinetic Energy in One and Two Dimensional, Elastic and Inelastic Collisions, Rigid bodies; conservation laws; Rotation about a Fixed Axis; Angular motion (Displacement, Velocity and acceleration, work, power); Rotational Inertia; Parallel-axis Theorem; Torque and Newton’s Law for Rotation; Rolling Motion; Angular Momentum for a single Particle and a System of Particles and its conservation; Static Equilibrium involving Forces and Torques; Rotational inertia of various shapes i.e. for disc, bar and solid sphere; Elasticity; Stress; Strain and Properties of Materials, Angular Velocity; Conservation of angular momentum; effects of Torque and its relation with angular momentum, Amplitude; Phase; Angular Frequency; Velocity and Acceleration in SHM; Linear and Angular Simple Harmonic Oscillators; Energy in SHM; Simple Pendulum; Physical Pendulum; SHM and Uniform Circular Motion. Static Fluids and Pressure; Archimedes’ Principle; Fluid Dynamics; Equation of Continuity and Bernoulli’s Principle
Recommended Books:
Title of the Course: Physics II (Electricity and Magnetism)
Credit Hours: 3
Prerequisites: Mechanics
Specific Objectives of course:
Course Outline:
Electric charge, Coulomb’s law, finding the electric field for point charges, dipole and various charge distributions, Gauss’s law and its application in finding electric field, electric potential for various charge distributions, capacitors and capacitance, electric current, Ohm’s law, circuit theory, magnetic force, magnetic fields produced by currents, Inductance, alternating fields and currents.
Recommended Books:
Admissions announced for BS/BS 5th Semester/M.Sc (Hons)/MS/M.Phil/Ph.D Programs (Admissions Spring 2023).
